🏈Dokokin Ƙwallon Amurka

Ƙwallon Amurka wasa ne na ƙungiya mai taɓawa da ake bugawa 11 kan 11 a fili na yadi 100 mai iyaka da yankunan ƙarshe biyu. Ƙungiyoyi biyu suna sauyawa tsakanin hari da tsaro don tura ƙwallo mai siffar ƙwai zuwa yankin abokin hamayya. Wasa ne na dabara da aka raba shi zuwa buga daban-daban, inda kowace yadi da aka samu take da muhimmanci.

Ka ci maki fiye da abokin hamayya ta hanyar ɗauke ƙwallo cikin yankinsu na ƙarshe ko ta harba shi tsakanin sandunan. Ɓangaren hari yana ƙoƙarin tura ƙwallo gaba, ɓangaren tsaro kuma yana ƙoƙarin dakatar da shi ya kwato ƙwallon.

• •Ɓangaren hari yana da ƙoƙari 4 (downs) don samun aƙalla yadi 10; idan ya yi nasara sai ya sami sabbin ƙoƙari 4.
• •Idan ba a sami yadi 10 cikin downs 4 ba, ana ba abokin hamayya ƙwallo a wannan wurin.
• •Kowace buga tana farawa da snap: ɗan tsakiya yana mayar da ƙwallo baya ga quarterback.
• •Ana tura ƙwallo gaba ta gudu da shi (rush) ko ta jefa shi gaba (pass); ana yarda da jefa gaba sau ɗaya kawai kowace buga.
• •Ana dakatar da ɗan wasa (tackle) idan gwiwa ko jiki ya taɓa ƙasa a lokacin taɓawa, ko idan ya fita daga iyaka.
• •A down na 4, ƙungiyoyi galibi suna punt ko su gwada field goal maimakon su yi kasadar rasa ƙwallo.

Touchdown yana da darajar maki 6 kuma yana ba da damar gwaji (maki 1 ta harbi, ko maki 2 ta sake buga daga kusa). Field goal da aka harba tsakanin sandunan yana da maki 3. Safety (an kwantar da ɗan hari a yankinsa na ƙarshe) yana ba ɓangaren tsaro maki 2. Jimillar da ke gudana ce ke ƙayyade makin kowace ƙungiya.

Ana buga wasa a zagaye 4. Tsawonsu yana bambanta gwargwadon hukuma: minti 15 a NFL da NCAA, galibi minti 12 a IFAF da wasannin matasa. Hutun tsakiya yana raba zagaye na 2 da na 3; idan sun daidaita, ana amfani da ƙa’idodin ƙarin lokaci na kowace hukuma.

Ƙungiyar da ta fi maki a ƙarshen lokacin doka ce ta yi nasara. Idan sun daidaita, ƙarin lokaci ne ke yanke wasan bisa tsarin hukumar (mutuwar kwatsam ko sauya mallakar ƙwallo bi da bi).